파이썬 self next - paisseon self next

A linked list is a sequence of data elements, which are connected together via links. Each data element contains a connection to another data element in form of a pointer. Python does not have linked lists in its standard library. We implement the concept of linked lists using the concept of nodes as discussed in the previous chapter.

We have already seen how we create a node class and how to traverse the elements of a node.In this chapter we are going to study the types of linked lists known as singly linked lists. In this type of data structure there is only one link between any two data elements. We create such a list and create additional methods to insert, update and remove elements from the list.

Creation of Linked list

A linked list is created by using the node class we studied in the last chapter. We create a Node object and create another class to use this ode object. We pass the appropriate values through the node object to point the to the next data elements. The below program creates the linked list with three data elements. In the next section we will see how to traverse the linked list.

class Node: def __init__(self, dataval=None): self.dataval = dataval self.nextval = None class SLinkedList: def __init__(self): self.headval = None list1 = SLinkedList() list1.headval = Node("Mon") e2 = Node("Tue") e3 = Node("Wed") # Link first Node to second node list1.headval.nextval = e2 # Link second Node to third node e2.nextval = e3

Traversing a Linked List

Singly linked lists can be traversed in only forward direction starting form the first data element. We simply print the value of the next data element by assigning the pointer of the next node to the current data element.

Example

class Node: def __init__(self, dataval=None): self.dataval = dataval self.nextval = None class SLinkedList: def __init__(self): self.headval = None def listprint(self): printval = self.headval while printval is not None: print (printval.dataval) printval = printval.nextval list = SLinkedList() list.headval = Node("Mon") e2 = Node("Tue") e3 = Node("Wed") # Link first Node to second node list.headval.nextval = e2 # Link second Node to third node e2.nextval = e3 list.listprint()

Output

When the above code is executed, it produces the following result −

Mon Tue Wed

Insertion in a Linked List

Inserting element in the linked list involves reassigning the pointers from the existing nodes to the newly inserted node. Depending on whether the new data element is getting inserted at the beginning or at the middle or at the end of the linked list, we have the below scenarios.

Inserting at the Beginning

This involves pointing the next pointer of the new data node to the current head of the linked list. So the current head of the linked list becomes the second data element and the new node becomes the head of the linked list.

Example

class Node: def __init__(self, dataval=None): self.dataval = dataval self.nextval = None class SLinkedList: def __init__(self): self.headval = None # Print the linked list def listprint(self): printval = self.headval while printval is not None: print (printval.dataval) printval = printval.nextval def AtBegining(self,newdata): NewNode = Node(newdata) # Update the new nodes next val to existing node NewNode.nextval = self.headval self.headval = NewNode list = SLinkedList() list.headval = Node("Mon") e2 = Node("Tue") e3 = Node("Wed") list.headval.nextval = e2 e2.nextval = e3 list.AtBegining("Sun") list.listprint()

Output

When the above code is executed, it produces the following result −

Sun Mon Tue Wed

Inserting at the End

This involves pointing the next pointer of the the current last node of the linked list to the new data node. So the current last node of the linked list becomes the second last data node and the new node becomes the last node of the linked list.

Example

class Node: def __init__(self, dataval=None): self.dataval = dataval self.nextval = None class SLinkedList: def __init__(self): self.headval = None # Function to add newnode def AtEnd(self, newdata): NewNode = Node(newdata) if self.headval is None: self.headval = NewNode return laste = self.headval while(laste.nextval): laste = laste.nextval laste.nextval=NewNode # Print the linked list def listprint(self): printval = self.headval while printval is not None: print (printval.dataval) printval = printval.nextval list = SLinkedList() list.headval = Node("Mon") e2 = Node("Tue") e3 = Node("Wed") list.headval.nextval = e2 e2.nextval = e3 list.AtEnd("Thu") list.listprint()

Output

When the above code is executed, it produces the following result −

Mon Tue Wed Thu

Inserting in between two Data Nodes

This involves changing the pointer of a specific node to point to the new node. That is possible by passing in both the new node and the existing node after which the new node will be inserted. So we define an additional class which will change the next pointer of the new node to the next pointer of middle node. Then assign the new node to next pointer of the middle node.

class Node: def __init__(self, dataval=None): self.dataval = dataval self.nextval = None class SLinkedList: def __init__(self): self.headval = None # Function to add node def Inbetween(self,middle_node,newdata): if middle_node is None: print("The mentioned node is absent") return NewNode = Node(newdata) NewNode.nextval = middle_node.nextval middle_node.nextval = NewNode # Print the linked list def listprint(self): printval = self.headval while printval is not None: print (printval.dataval) printval = printval.nextval list = SLinkedList() list.headval = Node("Mon") e2 = Node("Tue") e3 = Node("Thu") list.headval.nextval = e2 e2.nextval = e3 list.Inbetween(list.headval.nextval,"Fri") list.listprint()

Output

When the above code is executed, it produces the following result −

Mon Tue Fri Thu

Removing an Item

We can remove an existing node using the key for that node. In the below program we locate the previous node of the node which is to be deleted.Then, point the next pointer of this node to the next node of the node to be deleted.

Example

class Node: def __init__(self, data=None): self.data = data self.next = None class SLinkedList: def __init__(self): self.head = None def Atbegining(self, data_in): NewNode = Node(data_in) NewNode.next = self.head self.head = NewNode # Function to remove node def RemoveNode(self, Removekey): HeadVal = self.head if (HeadVal is not None): if (HeadVal.data == Removekey): self.head = HeadVal.next HeadVal = None return while (HeadVal is not None): if HeadVal.data == Removekey: break prev = HeadVal HeadVal = HeadVal.next if (HeadVal == None): return prev.next = HeadVal.next HeadVal = None def LListprint(self): printval = self.head while (printval): print(printval.data), printval = printval.next llist = SLinkedList() llist.Atbegining("Mon") llist.Atbegining("Tue") llist.Atbegining("Wed") llist.Atbegining("Thu") llist.RemoveNode("Tue") llist.LListprint()

Output

When the above code is executed, it produces the following result −

Thu Wed Mon