Click here for a Workbook to go along with this lesson. This Lesson is also available in Español and Русский Jump to: Vocabulary Honorific Addition: ~(으)시 Special Words: Vocabulary Click on the English word to see information and examples of that word in use. You
might not be able to understand all of the grammar within the example sentences, but most of the grammar used will be introduced by the end of Unit 2. Use these sentences to give yourself a feel for how each word can be used, and maybe even to expose yourself to the grammar that you will be learning shortly. A PDF file neatly presenting these words and extra information can be found here. Nouns: Notes: Using 자네 is informal like “너,” but is typically used by much older people addressing much younger people (whereas “너” could generally be used with any person you are close with.) Also, the person using 자네 is usually an older male speaking to a younger male. Examples: 또래 = age, peer group Common Usages: Examples: 그 학생은 또래보다 영어실력이 뒤처지고 있어요 자기 나이또래에 맞는 친구들과 노는 것이 제일
좋아요 이 마을에는 슬기의 또래친구들이 없어서 조금 걱정이에요 세제 = laundry detergent Common Usages: Examples: 뒷모습 =
one's appearance from behind The pronunciation of this word is closer to “뒨모습” Examples: 봉지 =
paper bag, plastic bag Common Usages: Examples: 마트에서 물건을 구입하고 봉지가 필요하면 50원을 내고 사야 해요 국립 = national The pronunciation of this word is closer to “궁닙” Notes: 국립 is usually placed before another word to indicate that
something is a “national” or “public” institute. For example: 국립고등학교 = public high school Examples: 캐나다에는 매우 아름다운 국립공원이
많아요 저는 내일 가족들과 함께 할아버지께서 계시는 국립묘지를 방문할 예정이에요 산소 = oxygen Common Usages: Examples: 산소가 10분 이상 부족하게 되면 사람들은 죽을 수도 있어요 잠수를 할 때는 꼭 여분의 산소통을 함께 메고 물 속에 들어가야 해요 종 = bell Notes: The English word “벨” is sometimes used as well. Common Usages: Examples: 점심 시간 종이 울리면 학생들이 급식을 먹기 위해 달리기 시작해요 주방 =
kitchen Common Usages: Examples: Verbs: Notes: This is the formal version of the word “먹다” Common Usages: Examples: 할아버지께서 작년에 쓰러지신 후에 거의 음식을 드시지 못하고 계세요 제가 된장찌개를 끓일 때마다 할머니께서 맛있게 드셔요
잡수시다 = to eat (formal) The pronunciation of this word is closer to “잡쑤시다” Notes: Using 잡수시다 shows a ridiculous amount of respect, and saying it to anybody other than people who deserve that amount of respect will most likely just make people laugh. When I first met my wife’s
parents, I used ‘잡수시다’ and they both thought it was funny. I only reserve that word for the rare times that I have dinner with my wife’s grandparents – in which case, after the meal, I ask them: 잘 잡수셨어요? = Did you have a good meal? Examples: 주무시다 = to sleep (formal) Notes: 주무시다 is the formal equivalent of the word “자다” (to sleep) Common Usages: Examples: 계시다 =
to be in/at a location (formal) Notes: 계시다 is the formal equivalent of the word “있다” when it is used to indicate that a person of high respect is in/at a location, or is staying in a location. For example: 아버지가 집에 계셔요 = Dad is (at) home 계시다 can also
replace 있다 in the ~아/어 있다 (Lesson 14) and ~고 있다 (Lesson 18) grammatical forms. For example: 아버지가 아직 서 계셔요 = Dad is still standing However, when 있다 is used to indicate that one “has” a noun, the formal equivalent is 있으시다. For example: 할아버지! 지금 시간이 있으셔요? = Grandpa! Do you have time now? Common Usages: Examples: 사람들은 대통령이 그 건물에 계시는 것을 알아서 그 건물 입구에 다가갔어요 낯선 사람이 집에 누가 계시냐고 물어보면 꼭 누군가가 있다고 말해야 해요 말씀하다 = to speak (formal) You should use 말씀하다 in place of 말하다 when the person speaking deserves high respect. The ~하다 portion of the word is usually connected with ~(으)시다 to form 말씀하시다. Also, if 말씀 and ~하다 are separated, 말씀 is the honorific form of the noun “말.” For example: 소망이 무엇인지 말씀해 주실래요? = Can you tell me what your dream/hope is? 우리가 계속 얘기해서 선생님의 말씀을 못 들었어요 모든 사람들은 교수님이 말씀하시기 시작하는 것을 기다렸다 부장님이 그 일을 망쳐서 부장님이 말씀하시는 것을 듣는 사람이 별로 없어요 선생님이 하시는 말씀을 잘 들었어요? 회의가 끝나기 전에 교감선생님이 말씀하실 거예요 그저께 회의 시간 동안 무슨 말씀을 하셨어요? 말씀 is also used as the noun when you are speaking to a person who deserves high respect. I find this strange because in the examples/explanation above, 말씀 is used when the acting person of the sentence deserves high respect. However, in cases when you are saying something (some words) to a person of high respect (and therefore, you are the acting person) 말씀 is used instead of 말. When used like this, the formal word “드리다” is commonly used to indicate that “some words” are given to a person. For example: 제가 드리고 싶은 말씀이 있습니다 = I have something that I want to say 드리다 = to give (formal) You should use the word 드리다 in place of the word 주다 when one gives something to somebody who deserves high respect. Also, remember the formal version of ~에게/한테 is ~께. Therefore,~께 should be attached to the person that you are giving something to. Let’s look at an example: If you are also saying this sentence to somebody who deserves respect, you can also end the sentence using honorifics as well: 할아버지께 선물을 드리고 싶어요 = I want to give my grandfather a present Korean people don’t say “드리시다.” One might think that this would be used when talking about somebody of high respect giving something to somebody of high respect. However, it appears that 드리다 is formal enough to cover both the person acting and the person receiving in these situations. It can also replace 주다 when one does an action for somebody who deserves high respect: 더 넣어 줄까요? = Shall I put more in for you? Common Usages: Normally, 드리다 is used when giving something to somebody of high respect. When using the word “부탁” the person receiving the favor is you, and you should never use 드리다 when talking about yourself. The way I think about it is that I am giving a request to somebody, which would allow me to use 드리다. For example: 엄마에게 그것을 사 달라고 부탁 드렸어요 = I asked my mother to buy that for me This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video #1. 소변을 보다 = to urinate 소변검사 = urine examination Examples: 대답하다 = to answer, to reply The noun form of this word (“대답”) translates to “a response, an answer or a reply.” Common Usages: Examples: 십대에는 사춘기를 겪으면서 많은 아이들이 부모님께 말대답을 해요 어제 남자친구랑 통화하다가 갑자기 남자친구가
제 질문을 대답을 안 하고 끊어 버렸어요 치다 = to tap Notes: 치다 has many meanings depending on the noun it is used with. Typically, 치다 is used to indicate that one “strikes” an object. For example: Common Usages: Examples: 망치다 = to spoil, to ruin, to screw up Common Usages: Examples: 직원 중 한 명이 회사의 사업을 망치기 위해 중요한 정보를 다른 회사에 넘겼어요 다가가다 = to approach, to go near Common Usages: Examples: 사람들은 대통령이 그 건물에 계시는 것을 알아서 그 건물 입구에 다가갔어요 여자랑 사귀고 싶을 때 먼저 다가가서 말을 거는 것이 중요해요 다가오다 = to approach, to come near Examples: 골목을 걷고 있을 때 뒤에 누군가가 다가오는 느낌이 들어 저는 경찰서에 전화했어요 작은 입으로 큰 생선을 먹을 수 있다는 게 너무 신기했다. 나는 펭귄에게 먹이를 주기 위해 천천히 다가갔다. 펭귄들은 내가 먹이를 가지고 있자 내 주위로 다가왔다. Adjectives: Common
Usages: Examples: 저희 집이 언덕이 가파른 곳에 있어서 겨울에 눈이 내리면 조심해야 해요 Adverbs and Other Words: Examples: 그저께 먹었던 빵이 너무 맛있어서 내일 꼭 다시 사 먹으러 갈
거예요 For help memorizing these words, try using our Memrise tool. Introduction In this lesson, you are going to learn something that we haven’t specifically looked at in a very long time. Way back in Lesson 6, you learned how to apply Korean honorifics to the endings of verbs and adjectives. In addition to what you learned in that lesson, there is still more that you must know in terms of adding respect to Korean sentences. We will cover more of that here, starting with the use of ‘~(으)시’ in sentences. Honorific Addition: ~(으)시 This one is hard for English speakers to understand. Before you learn specifically when to add ‘~(으)시’ to your sentences, let’s remember when you should use honorifics in the first place. Remember, if you are talking to somebody who deserves a high level of respect, you should use honorifics. These types of people can be: bosses, parents, people older than you, guests, customers, etc… If you are talking to your boss, you should say: 저는 열심히 일했어요/일했습니다 = I worked really hard But, if you are talking to your friend (for example) you can use the lower form: 나는 열심히 일했어 = I worked really hard Therefore, the use of those honorifics solely depends on the person you are speaking to. The use of ‘~(으)시’ is a little bit tricky at first. You should add ‘~(으)시’ to verbs/adjectives in which the acting person deserves respect, regardless of who you are speaking to. You can add ‘~시’ to word stems ending in a vowel and ‘~으시’ to stems ending in a consonant. ———— In Lesson 7, you learned how irregular words change as a result of adding different additions. This is the first time you have been introduced to adding ~(으)시. Let’s look at how irregulars change as a result of adding this grammatical principle.
Below is a table showing the changes that result from adding ~(으)시 to a word.
You will see these same changes to irregulars anytime you add something that begins in ~(으)ㅅ…. For example: ~(으)세요 (Lesson 40) Adding ~(으)시 creates an unconjugated word. You cannot just attach ~(으)시 to a word and use it in a sentence. Rather, a conjugation must be added to it. Once ‘~(으)시’ is added, the verb/adjective gets conjugated as usual as if the stem ended in ‘~(으)시.’ The following table shows how ~(으)시다 can be added to words, and then how other conjugations can be added on top of it:
You can see ~(으)시 attached to the word 알다 on a Korean sign in this YouTube video. You can see ~(으)시 attached to the word 말다 on a Korean sign in this YouTube video. Let’s look at an example of when you would use this ~(으)시 addition. If I am talking to my friend and the person I am talking about is that friend’s mother – the mother deserves respect. Therefore, I should not say this: 어머님은 너에게 돈을 줬어? = Did your mother give you money? Remember, the mother (who deserves respect) is the person acting in that sentence. Therefore, ~(으)시 should be added to the verb. This would be more correct: 어머님은 너에게 돈을 주셨어? = Did your mother give you money? You should always keep the information you learned in Lesson 6 in mind as well – because depending on who you are speaking to, the form can change based on what you learned in that lesson. If I were to say a sentence where I was talking to somebody who deserves respect (my boss, for example) about somebody who deserves respect, I should say: 어머님은 미용실에 가셨습니까? = Did your mother go to the beauty salon? Again, notice the situation of this sentence. You are talking to somebody of high respect, about somebody of high respect. Notice all of the situations that can take place: 어머님은 미용실에 가셨어? = Did your
mother go to the beauty salon? 친구는 미용실에 갔어? = Did your friend go to the beauty salon? 친구는 미용실에 갔습니까? = Did your friend go to the
beauty salon? 어머님은 미용실에 가셨습니까? = Did your mother go to the beauty salon? Many more examples: 선생님은 우리를 너무 잘 가르치셨어 = Our
teacher taught us really well Now that you’ve got all that under your belt, there are certain words that change completely when the acting person in the sentence deserves respect. We will look at those one by one: To give: 드리다 and ~께 You should use the word 드리다 in place of the word 주다 when one gives something to somebody who deserves high respect. Also, remember the formal version of ~에게/한테 is ~께. Therefore,~께 should be attached to the person that you are giving something. Let’s look at an example: 할아버지께 선물을 드리고 싶어 = I want to give my grandfather a present If you are also saying this sentence to somebody who deserves respect, you can also end the sentence using honorifics as well: 할아버지께 선물을 드리고 싶어요 = I want to give my grandfather a present Korean people don’t say “드리시다.” One might think that this would be used when talking about somebody of high respect giving something to somebody of high respect. However, it appears that 드리다 is formal enough to cover both the person acting and the person receiving in these situations. More examples: 저는 항상 손님들께 봉지를 드려요 = I always gives bags to the customers Want to see how ~드리다 would be used in a Korean street sign? Watch me breakdown the usage in a YouTube video. To speak: 말씀하다 You should use 말씀하다 in place of 말하다 when the person speaking deserves high respect. The ~하다 portion of the word is usually connected with ~(으)시다 to form 말씀하시다. Also, if 말씀 and ~하다 are separated, 말씀 is the honorific form of the noun “말.” For example: 모든 사람들은 교수님이 말씀하시기 시작하는 것을 기다렸다 부장님이 그 일을 망쳐서 부장님이 말씀하시는 것을 듣는 사람이 별로 없어요 선생님이 하시는 말씀을 잘 들었어요? 회의가 끝나기 전에 교감선생님이 말씀하실 거예요 그저께 회의 시간 동안 무슨 말씀을 하셨어요? 말씀 is also used as the noun when you are speaking to a person who deserves high respect. I find this strange because in the examples/explanation above, 말씀 is used when the acting person of the sentence deserves high respect. However, in cases when you are saying something (some words) to a person of high respect (and therefore, you are the acting person) 말씀 is used instead of 말. When used like this, the formal word “드리다” is commonly used to indicate that “some words” are given to a person. For example: 제가 드리고 싶은 말씀이 있습니다
When a person who deserves high respect is eating, it is common to use the word 들다 combined with ~(으)시다 to form 드시다. For example: 아버지! 다 드셨어요? = Dad! Have you finished eating? Another possible word is 잡수시다. Using 잡수시다 shows a ridiculous amount of respect, and saying it to anybody other than people who deserve that amount of respect will most likely just make people laugh. When I first met my girlfriend’s parents, I used ‘잡수시다’ and they both thought it was funny. I only reserve that word for the rare times that I have dinner with my girlfriend’s grandparents – in which case, after the meal, I ask them: 잘 잡수셨어요? = Did you have a good meal? To be at/in: 계시다 계시다 is the formal equivalent of the word “있다” when it is used to indicate that a person of high respect is in/at a location, or is staying in a location. For example: 아버지가 집에 계셔요 = Dad is (at) home 계시다 can also replace 있다 in the ~아/어 있다 (Lesson 14) and ~고 있다 (Lesson 18) grammatical forms. For example: 아버지가 아직 서 계셔요 = Dad is still standing However, when 있다 it is used to indicate that one “has” a noun, the formal equivalent is 있으시다. For example: 할아버지! 지금 시간이 있으셔요? = Grandpa! Do you have time now? You will learn more about 계시다 in the following lesson. Until then, let’s look at some more example sentences with 계시다: 할아버지가 여기에 계신지 몰랐어요 = I didn’t know you were here, grandpa 사람들이 대통령이 그 건물에 계시는 것을 알아서 그 건물 입구에 다가갔어요 선생님이 안 계셔서 학생들은 다 자고 있어요 To sleep: 주무시다 주무시다 is the formal equivalent of the word “자다” (to sleep). For example: 잘 주무셨어요? = Did you sleep well? That’s it! Okay, I
got it! Take me to the next lesson! Or, |